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Introducing the SQL SELECT Statement

02.08.2010 by admin - 0 Comment
Posted in Oracle

The SELECT statement from Structured Query Language (SQL) has to be the single most powerful nonspoken language construct. The SELECT statement is an elegant, flexible, and highly extensible mechanism created to retrieve information from a database table. A database would serve little purpose if it could not be queried to answer all sorts of interesting questions. For example, you may have a database that contains personal financial records like your bank statements, your utility bills, and your salary statements. You could easily ask the database for a date-ordered list of your electrical utility bills for the last six months or query your bank statement for a list of payments made to a certain account over the same period. The beauty of the SELECT statement is encapsulated in its simple English-like format that allows questions to be asked of the database in a natural manner.
Tables, also known as relations, consist of rows of information divided by columns. Consider two of the sample tables introduced in the previous chapter: the EMPLOYEES table and the DEPARTMENTS table. This sample dataset is based on the Human Resources (HR) information for some fictitious organization. In Oracle terminology, each table belongs to a schema (owner): in this case the HR schema.
The EMPLOYEES table stores rows or records of information. These contain several attributes (columns) that describe each employee in this organization. The DEPARTMENTS table contains descriptive information about each department within this organization, stored as rows of data divided into columns.
Assuming a connection to a database containing the sample HR schema is available, then using either SQL*Plus or SQL Developer you can establish a user session. Once connected to the database, you are ready to begin your tour of SQL.

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